水務署2020/21年年報 WSD Annual Report 2020/21

提高應變能力 Enhancing emergency responsiveness 目前，香港有 17 個水塘儲存原水。水塘水質 Currently, there are 17 impounding reservoirs for raw water storage 有時會受到自然環境或突發事件影響，例如 in Hong Kong. The water quality of impounding reservoirs may 天氣變化可能導致藻類過度生長，令水質 be sometimes affected by the natural environmental conditions or 改變。水務署引入無人船「船隊」，主要 unexpected incidents. For instance, a change of weather may lead 在全港面積最大的水塘—— 船灣淡水湖 to excessive growth of algae thereby causing an impact on water 進行水質監測，以掌握水質情況，並於緊急 quality. The USV “fleet” introduced by the WSD mainly conducts 情況下採取適當的行動。 water quality monitoring at the Plover Cove Reservoir, Hong Kong’s impounding reservoir with the largest surface area, to keep track of water quality and initiate appropriate action in case of emergency. 配備監測和自動導航系統 Equipped with monitoring and auto-navigation systems 無人船系統由一個基站電腦和四艘電動 The USV system consists of a base station computer and four electric 無人船組成。每艘無人船均配置了水質 USVs. Each USV is equipped with a water quality monitoring unit to 監測裝置，用於監測溫度、導電率、混濁度、 monitor temperature, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, 溶解氧、酸鹼值、葉綠素 -a 和藍綠藻。每艘 chlorophyll-a and blue green algae. The water sampling unit on each 無人船上的取水裝置都連接船底的水管， vessel is connected to a pipe underneath, pumping water into the 直接將水抽進樣本箱內。 water sampling tank directly. 無人船還配備了自動導航系統和避障系統， The USVs are also equipped with auto-navigation system and 在運行時能繞過障礙物。水務署人員可 obstacle avoidance system for navigating around obstacles during 通過基站電腦遙距控制無人船，讓船隻 operation. By using the base station computer, the WSD staff can 沿預設路線自動導航、監測水質並在水塘 remotely control the USVs to navigate automatically along a pre-set 的指定位置取樣。收集得到的水質數據將 route, monitor water quality and conduct sampling at designated 實時發送至基站電腦，迅速分析並製成 locations within the reservoir. The water quality data collected will 水塘表面水質數據分布圖，顯示水質變化 be sent to the base station computer in real time for timely analysis 較大的區域，以便評估和採取適當的跟進 and generation of a surface water quality profile indicating areas 行動。 with significant variations in water quality to facilitate evaluation and appropriate follow-up. 無人船系統由可再生能源驅動，可連續運作約 3 至 4 小時， 航程為 11 至 14 公里。 Powered by renewable energy, the USVs can continuously operate for about three to four hours for a distance of 11km to 14km. WSD Annual Report 2020/21 43 Water Safety and Reliability 食 水 安 全 及 供 水 可 靠 性